Design, architectural supervision

When is building design and field supervision required?

According to the requirements of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, new construction, reconstruction and some of the types of capital repairs of buildings and structures require the mandatory development of project documentation. It determines the architectural, technological, functional and engineering and technical parameters of the future construction object.

The composition and scope of project documentation are determined in accordance with the Government Decree No. 87 of 16.02.08, “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content.” According to this decree, capital construction objects, depending on the functional purpose and characteristic features, are divided into the following types:

1. industrial objects (buildings, structures, industrial structures, including objects of defense and security);
2. non-production facilities (buildings, structures, housing facilities, socio-cultural, household purposes;
3. linear objects (pipelines, roads and railways, power lines, etc.).

What are the stages of building design?

The design process consists of the following steps:

Stage 1. Collection of initial permits.

At this stage, collect materials describing the future construction project. The initial permissive documentation includes:

• documents confirming the ownership of land;
• town planning documentation confirming the possibility of placing the object planned for construction on the selected site;
• decisions of the city administration;
• The conclusions and coordination from supervising services and bodies;
• technical conditions for the engineering support of the object.

Stage 2. Performing engineering surveys.

Surveys are conducted to study the natural and man-made conditions of building a future construction object to make decisions about the location of objects on the ground, deepening the foundations of buildings and structures, the degree of their protection from the effects of various adverse factors and so on.

Stage 3. Development of project documentation.

The following sections should be included in the composition of project documentation for industrial and non-industrial objects:

• Explanatory note;
• Scheme of the planning organization of the land;
• Architectural solutions;
• Constructive and space planning solutions;
• Information about engineering equipment, networks of engineering and technical support, a list of engineering and technical measures, the content of technological solutions;
• Construction organization project;
• Environmental protection measures;
• List of environmental protection measures;
• Fire safety measures;
• Accessibility measures for persons with disabilities;
• Measures to ensure compliance with the requirements of energy efficiency and the requirements of equipping buildings, buildings and structures with devices for metering energy resources used;
• Estimates for the construction of capital construction;
• Other documentation in cases provided for by federal laws.

Stage 4. Examination of project documentation.

Stage 5. Development of working documentation.

At this stage, the documentation required for the construction and installation works is being developed.

Developed sections of the stage "Working documentation":

• Explanatory note
• Technological section
• Architectural and construction solutions
• Reinforced concrete structures
• Metal constructions
• Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
• Water supply and sewage
• Electrical equipment power, internal electric lighting
• Automation
• Firefighting
• Low-voltage systems and communications, including telephone installation, burglar and fire alarms, computer networks, video surveillance, television and radio
• Off-site engineering networks

What is the author's supervision and why?

After creating all the necessary project documentation, the main construction / reconstruction process begins. To ensure that in the process of carrying out construction work, each stage meets the requirements of design, working and estimate documentation, the author's supervision over the construction is carried out.

Author's supervision conducted in order to ensure compliance with the decisions contained in the working documentation performed by construction and installation work at the facility.

The service involves complete control over the compliance of the work performed with the design solutions at all stages of construction prior to the commissioning of the building.

Supervision will help to avoid mistakes that can be made in case of a situation when it is necessary, due to various circumstances, to deviate from the requirements of the project. In this case, the supervision allows you to quickly and efficiently make changes to the project.

Designer's supervision is necessary procedurecorresponding to the legislation, which is necessary for the approval of the object for operation. Without the conclusion of the supervisory group, state acceptance of the building and its further operation for its direct or indirect purpose is impossible.

What rights do authorial supervisors have?

Author's supervision helps to prevent everything that can lead to a deterioration in the quality of construction, a decrease in the safety and reliability of the building (structure) or a deterioration in their performance, as well as to ensure that the final result exactly corresponds to the project.

The rights and obligations of representatives of the design organization at the construction site are regulated by the joint venture 11-110-99 “Designer supervision over the construction of buildings and structures”. Specialists who control the construction and reconstruction of the object are endowed with a number of rights, the main of which are:

• making deviations and changes from design decisions;
• prohibition of work performed with violations;
• prohibition of the use of materials, products, devices, equipment, including non-standard, non-compliant with regulatory documents;
• refinement, addition and change of design and technical solutions, if it improves the architectural and construction properties.